Mary ShellyS Frankenstein Explores - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 690 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Frankenstein Essay Did you like this example? Mary Shellys Frankenstein explores how abandonment and isolation can cause chaos and destruction. The humans assume that the monster must be dangerous based on its outward appearance when in reality the is warm and open-hearted. Every village he went to he finds himself being rejected time and time again. A blind man named De Lacy is the only one who accepts the monster. Walton says his crew members observed a huge savage figure in a dogsled speeding across the ice. When Walton uses the word savage he is judging the monster based on his looks only. After months of failing, Victor successfully brings his creation to life. But once the creation is alive, its appearance scares him so bad he runs out of the room and tries to sleep but is awaken by nightmares of death and tombs. When he opens his eyes, he sees the monster by his bed, reaching out and grinning. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Mary ShellyS Frankenstein Explores" essay for you Create order He runs, and spends the night outside. Victor is flawed he messes with the laws of nature and things take a turn for the worst. For this I deprived myself of rest and health. I had desired it with an ardour that far exceeded moderation; but not that I had finished, the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart (Frankenstein). Victor abandon his creation because its ugly and he imagines that its evil. Before his brother William was killed Victor saw a figure resembling the monster. Then he realizes the monster killed William which means Victor is really the one responsible because he created the monster. Victor realizes the cost of his misuse of nature and once again loses a little more of his innocence. Victor tries to escape through nature so he climbs a mountain called Montanvert. But Victor sees the monster and his whole mood was ruined, Victor curses the monster without knowing its intentions, and without knowing for sure that the monster murdered William. He blames the monster, but hes responsible for its creation. The monster only turned to violent because his creator abandoned it, when the monster and Victor talk things through the monster admits that he was seeking revenge, you can blast my other passions, but revenge remains-revenge, henceforth dearer than light of food! I may die, but first you, my tyrant and tormentor, shall curse the sun that gazes on your misery (Frankenstein). but implies that Victor destroyed his innocence by isolating it. It didnt seem to matter where the monster went its appearance terrifies human, so he decided to avoid them. The isolation is what pained the monster the most. All men hate the wretched; how then, must I be hated, who am miserable beyond all living things! Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us (Frankenstein). When the monster realizes why the family was upset he sets wood outside the house for them. The monster is actually kind and giving but most people are prejudiced and only judge on looks. When the monster finally sees its reflection in a pool of water he finally realizes why people would run and scream when they saw him, I am alone and miserable: man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the same defects (Frankenstein). he realized that people judge by appearance rather than what kind of person you are, so he does everything he can to make sure that the family sees past his appearance. As the monster learns more about humans and society he realizes that he doesnt have a society of its own he doesnt have anyone else like the humans do. When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? (Frankenstein). It is a key turning point in the story for the monster, he realized that he was going to be an outcast forever.

Global Warming And Climate Change - 1339 Words

Introduction Environmental Problem Kyoto was created in 1997 during the Third Conference of the Parties of the UNFCCC with the objective to globally reduce GHG emissions and ultimately address climate change (United Nations, 1997). This international agreement is based on the premise that global warming is mostly due to GHG emissions and those emissions are undeniably anthropogenic (United Nations, 1997). International Cooperation Because the atmosphere is a public good, individual countries have an incentive of free riding when it comes to GHG emissions (Iwata Okada, 2014). International cooperation is fundamental to address global warming, as the consequences of GHG production cannot be isolated for a specific territory (Iwata Okada, 2014). Indeed, national emissions impact the world at large and result in environmental externalities. For that reason, climate change must be addressed on a global scale. Moreover, individual efforts to address climate change cannot be of satisfactory level; synchronized and intensive actions must be set forth in an attempt to effectively stop global warming. Specific Goals The Kyoto protocol has for mission to stabilize the atmosphere’s GHG concentration to a level that would prevent dangerous climate change (Bhuiyan Mojumdar, 2011). To do so, the agreement targets a 5% GHG emissions reduction in comparison to the 1990 baseline to be achieved by 2012 (United Nations, 1997). Kyoto focuses on 6 greenhouse gases in its attempt toShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the climate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Glo bal Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

Risk Management in Automotive Vehicle Industry -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRisk Management in Automotive Vehicle Industry. Answer: Literature Analysis Introduction The risk in automotive vehicle industry is mainly due to the present variation in the exchange rates of the country (Dawson, Searle Paterson, 2104). The variation in rates of the currency between US dollar and the British pound is about 60%. The variation rate of the Japanese Yen is even much higher. According to Drauz (2014), Australias economy is another risk that trends on the risk management. If the risk of the automobile vehicle industry is not controlled then the economy of the country also gets decreased. Spare parts production and assembling of car is going very high in Australia. Changes are also seen in the development of the technology of the automobile industry. There is hazard and risk of the trade of the automobile industry. The brake component manufactures have more risk than hood component Manufacturer Company. The risk that is involved in the automotive industry depends on the total volume of the production (Pinkse, Bohnsack Kolk, 2014). A manufacturing company that sales $50.000.000 amount would be experiencing hazard of risk to that of the company which sales $50.000 US dollar. Australias strategic role in the global market According to Litman (2014), the main challenge of the automotive manufacturer is to achieve satisfactory amount of profit. The cost of newly made vehicles is significant as stated by Research and Development. To compensate with the production cost of manufacturing, sufficient amount of sale should be done. There is extreme competition in the vehicle automotive industry of Australia as there are many companies that emerge from other regions from the global markets (Bell et al., 2014). This creates a pressure on the other brands that are established in Australia. The important part of vehicle automotive industry is the exchange rates that are available in Australia. The vehicle automotive manufacturer of Australia mainly operates in the global market. Many manufactures depends on the exports that gains acceptable sales of the company. The exchange rate risks are lessen by establishing the company in the places near to the company where the vehicle is sold (Huckvale et al., 2015). Recent decrease in the Japanese currency Yen to US currency Dollar had led to much profit in the Japanese car manufactures. It is much difficult for Australia to maintain its competition in the market globally due to its high rate of currency. To gain profitable mount of sale, necessary exports are to done by the manufactures of Australia in this competitive market. The vehicle automotive industries of Australia have stated that government assistance is needed in order to cope up with the competition of the exchange rate in the market of Australia. According to Bahr (2014), with the rise of motor vehicles in the coming economy, the demand is expected to rise in the future globally. The countries that are developing economies have an interest to buy a motor vehicle. In emerging countries, the demand of buying motor vehicle are much higher than that of the developed countries where there is already a hike of motor vehicle and that is always expected to remain the same. Risk Identification Processes Another vital element for project risk management of vehicle in automobile industry is the risk identification process. All the variable kinds and probable fixed of risks that are associated with automobile manufacturing by vehicle industry in Australia. The risks are not only restricted to the automobile company of the manufacturing industry. It is also restricted to the unnoticed that are there in the offices (Borghini et al., 2014). The process of risk identification is iterative. It is a never ending process. To get a check on if all the inputs are equally used or if the engineers are doing their work as they are instructed or the mechanisms of the manufacturing company are working properly or not, process of risk identification is done. The risks that is present in the System Engineering Program that is considered as most serious risk identification (Martn-Pea, Daz-Garrido Snchez-Lpez, 2014). The managers of the departments identify them as the risk events. The management risks , risk regarding human capital, supply chain risk and operational risk are the risk that is present in the System Engineering Program. The risks that are interlinked with each other and re identified continuously are used in the process of mitigating the risk of the industry. Risk Analysis and Evaluation Processes Risk analysis and risk evaluation of the risk management process is the process that comes after risk identification. This is an important part of risk that is identified in the risk management of the vehicle automotive. Identifying the risk that are present in the system module of engineering, the team of risk review would assign the task of prioritization of risk and analyze the risk where extremely serious risk are differentiated from the risks that are normal and they are mitigated to the subject as per the requirement (Kou, Peng Wang, 2014). The automotive vehicle industry of Australia faces very hard competition from the agencies of government, the risk that is most severe come from the end of government. The vehicle industries of Australia publish the annual reports that focus on the aspects that are legal. Such types of aspects are clearance of tax, CSR accomplishment and tax liabilities. Excessive cost of manufacturing and the sales that are declining are related to risk ma nagement (Onat et al., 2016). The Assessment Team of the Feedback is to be functional for this kind of aspects. The feedbacks that the customer gives are to be attended carefully by the management of the vehicle industry also attend the forum of customer review that are send online. The suggestions that are given by the customers, issues related to product query and complaints are to be well initiated by the management team to correct the drawback os the industry. The importance of the industry to the Australian economy Measuring the GVA (Gross Value Add) of the industry or the employment, not always gives full account of industry to contribute to the economy of Australia. The industrys flows to produce extensively are the employment and production of the automotive vehicle industry (Sierzchula et al., 2014). From the studies of automotive industry, it has been seen that the industries are high multipliers. The multiplier varies between 2.9 to 10. The flows on the effect on the surrounding industries are so much important that every $1 GVA that are provided by industry of the automotive manufacturing the benefits of economy ranges between $9 to $1.9 dollar. The governments assistance of 1$, the economy of the Australia receives economic benefit of 18$. CGE (computable general equilibrium) is used by the economy of the Australia and is known as dynamic TERM model. Summary The methodologies that are described in risk management technique give a complete management of risk. The ways by which the risk management is controlled are described in the process in order to accomplish the project time and resources. The economy of the automotive vehicle industry also reflects the economy of Australia. The risk that are related to the vehicle industry are identified first and then the risk is analyzed and evaluated for the further assessment. After analyzing this risk, the risk id optimized by the management team of the automotive vehicle industry and preventive controls are taken that are to be done to avoid those risk. The processes that are involved in managing the risk are al discussed elaborately in management the risk. Methodology Secondary data are those data that are accumulated by some other sources other than the user. Common sources for the automotive vehicle industry are the research papers and statistics that are accumulated by the governmental departments, records of the organization and the data that were collected for the purpose of other researchers. The data that are primary are accumulated by the person who is conducting the research paper. The time is saved by the using the secondary data. A lot of time is wasted for collecting the data, particularly the data that are needed for the research work. Spending this much of time is not possible for any researcher to get of their own. Secondary data is essential for analysts of economic and social change. It is not possible to handle a new survey for the required data that are needed for the research work. For marketing research search, the secondary data may be not useful because the data may be obsolete. Data that are used in the research are obtained from the secondary data of different sources such as progress reports, libraries and internet searches. Aim The main aim of the research project is to identify and analyze the different types of risks associated with the automotive vehicle industry in Australia. The research project also has the aim of finding some suitable ways to reduce the risks factors associated with the chosen industry. Question What are different types of risk factors associated with the project management in the automotive vehicle industry in Australia? What are the main challenges associated with risk factors in the project management in the automotive vehicle industry in Australia? What are the suitable strategies for overcoming from the challenges due to the risk factors associated with the project management in the automotive vehicle industry in Australia? References Bahr, N. J. (2014).System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical approach. CRC Press. Bell, J. M., Frater, B., Butterfield, L., Cunningham, S. D., Dodgson, M., Fox, K., ... Webster, E. (2014). Securing Australia's future: The role of science, research and technology in lifting Australian productivity. Borghini, G., Astolfi, L., Vecchiato, G., Mattia, D., Babiloni, F. (2014). Measuring neurophysiological signals in aircraft pilots and car drivers for the assessment of mental workload, fatigue and drowsiness.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,44, 58-75. Dawson, D., Searle, A. K., Paterson, J. L. (2014). Look before you (s) leep: evaluating the use of fatigue detection technologies within a fatigue risk management system for the road transport industry.Sleep medicine reviews,18(2), 141-152. Drauz, R. (2014). Re-insourcing as a manufacturing-strategic option during a crisisCases from the automobile industry.Journal of Business Research,67(3), 346-353. Huckvale, K., Prieto, J. T., Tilney, M., Benghozi, P. J., Car, J. (2015). Unaddressed privacy risks in accredited health and wellness apps: a cross-sectional systematic assessment.BMC medicine,13(1), 214. Kou, G., Peng, Y., Wang, G. (2014). Evaluation of clustering algorithms for financial risk analysis using MCDM methods.Information Sciences,275, 1-12. Litman, T. (2014). Autonomous vehicle implementation predictions.Victoria Transport Policy Institute,28. Martn-Pea, M. L., Daz-Garrido, E., Snchez-Lpez, J. M. (2014). Analysis of benefits and difficulties associated with firms' Environmental Management Systems: the case of the Spanish automotive industry.Journal of Cleaner Production,70, 220-230. Onat, N. C., Kucukvar, M., Tatari, O., Zheng, Q. P. (2016). Combined application of multi-criteria optimization and life-cycle sustainability assessment for optimal distribution of alternative passenger cars in US.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 291-307. Pinkse, J., Bohnsack, R., Kolk, A. (2014). The Role of Public and Private Protection in Disruptive Innovation: The Automotive Industry and the Emergence of Low?Emission Vehicles.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(1), 43-60. Sierzchula, W., Bakker, S., Maat, K., van Wee, B. (2014). The influence of financial incentives and other socio-economic factors on electric vehicle adoption.Energy Policy,68, 183-194.

Managing Productivity Through People Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Productivity Through People. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the following assignment is to focus on the factor of the organizational culture and the topic of the competitive advantage in the hospitality industry. The hospitality industry is all focused about the customers and the customers play a huge role in the success story of all the organizations within it. The chosen organization for this paper is the Ritz Carlton Hotel that has been a very successful organization within this industry and they value their customers very much (The Ritz-Carlton, 2017). The cultural web of this organization has to be discussed in this paper as well. Brief introduction to organizational culture Hospitality industry is such an industry where most of the focus has to be on the customers and their satisfactions levels. The employees have to be treated very kindly and well being has to be looked after by the company (De Vita 2007). The organizations in the hospitality industry have some certain missions and values. These have to be looked after by the managers and the leaders. The employees have to be trained very swiftly and the quality of the training has to be perfect so that the employees can adjust to any organization environment (Mullins and Christy 2013). Another way of developing skills of the employees is to maintain a sporting spirit within the employees and the competitiveness between them so that they can try their hardest to manage the productivity of the organization (De Vita 2007). Organizational culture concepts The Ritz Carlton is one of the leading hotels in the luxury hotel chain industry and it is very much renowned for their customer services and loyalty to the customers. They maintain a very good organizational culture and their diverse workforce is a very important part of their maintaining a good working culture (The Ritz-Carlton, 2017). Organizational culture has a connection with the knowledge sharing between the people. It has to be assumed that the different aspects of organizational culture have to deal with the management of the employees properly. The concept of organizational culture can be divided into different levels. These are artifacts, espoused values and assumptions. These have to be discussed so that it can be understood properly. Artifacts signify the facts that are constant with the processes, structure, goals, missions and goals. The dress codes and the furniture within the organizational settings can be considered as artifacts. The values of the organizations have to be espoused by the leaders. They believe in the shared assumption on how the company should be run. The assumptions refer to the original values of the culture. These signify the human nature in the organizations. According to the top leaders of the hotel, they do not tend to hire their employees but they are keener to select their new members for their team Ritz Carlton (The Ritz-Carlton, 2017). They look upon their hotel as a team who work collectively to meet up the industry needs. Analysis of organizational culture concepts The organizations should select some unique methods to select their employees. They look to interview their applicants over the telephone first and then decide whether they are appropriate for a face-to-face interview (Chapman and Cha 2002). The hotels also should not give the utmost importance on the degrees held by the applicants but they even encourage paying the tuition fees for the college level. The Gold Standards is one of the most important parts of their culture web that looks on the organization according to their moral values that help them to operate. Other things include The Credo, The Motto, The Three Steps of Service, The Basics and The Employee Promise (He, Murmann and Perdue 2012). Organizational culture in the hospitality industry The hospitality industry belongs to the group of such industry who value their customers very much. They look to impress and entertain the senses, caters to fulfill their wishes which they have not expressed yet and other major things. These steps help them to stay ahead of their domestic as well as international rivals and gain the competitive advantage. All the departments like the human resources, the food department, the suppliers of the materials and others should be at a smooth communication so that they can manage every difficulty that are raised in certain circumstances. The turnover rate of the hospitality industry is very high. This is why the some of the workers have to be selected and recruited on a seasonal basis. One of the problems in this industry is the absenteeism. The fact reflects that the workers may opt for being off for the low days and come to work when the payments will be high. The employee dynamics is quite changing in this business so the leaders cannot be hard-nosed. If they are, they will be having a big problem in retaining the workers. An excellent leader in the hospitality industry must look to motivate the workers and set them for a better customer service all the time. The workers in this industry like such kind of managers who know everything in this industry and deals with them the way they prefer the most. The workers in the hospitality industry have a good deal of understanding between themselves. They will look to identify the potential changes and leave the current job as there are better jobs always hovering around. The workers have their own style of communication that the guests do not understand. There is every possibility to earn a good deal of money in the hospitality industry because the workers are being paid on hourly basis. This resonates the fact that the hospitality industry has a huge scope for improvement. The cultural web Cultural web is an element to determine the different aspects of the organizational culture of an organization (McDonald and Foster 2013). This helps for the customers to relate themselves with the different facts an organization has within and they can decide how they judge the companies according to their cultures. There are six components for the cultural web. These are stories, rituals and routines, symbols, organizational structure, control systems and power structures (McDonald and Foster 2013). Stories Stories are the events that had taken place in the earlier times and the things that the people had gossiped in and outside of the company. The organizations give a great value to it as it is concerned with their image. Rituals and routines These are the behaviors that the people indulge in their day to day activities. These things signify the assets that are valued by the management in a huge manner. Symbols The symbols refer to the fact how the company represents itself by their office compounds, their logos and their dress codes for the employees. Organizational structure Organizational structure refers to the structures that are defined by the official chart of the organizations and the power and influence of their leaders (McDonald and Foster 2013). Control systems Control systems refer to the fact about how the organizations are controlled. This includes the financial systems, quality systems, rewards and punishments and all the other necessary things.(McDonald and Foster 2013). Power structures Power structure means the ways the power is handled by some leaders in particular. This involves the senior executives, the board of directors, the CEO and the important departmental managers. They have a huge influence in the decision making, strategy implementation and other things (McDonald and Foster 2013). Conclusion The paper can be concluded by saying that Ritz Carlton hotel has to move forward in a well directed manner so that they can outlast other organizations in the hotel industry. The cultural web that they have woven to build a friendly atmosphere between the employees has to be supported by the employees and the community. This will lead them to a greater position in the industry and competitive advantage. Summary of the key concepts In this paper, the organizational culture with reference to the hospitality industry has been discussed. It has been found with focusing emphasis on the Ritz Carlton Hotel. It can be said that keeping a good organizational culture in the hospitality industry is the key to their success. It should be remembered that guests in the hotels need a proper behavior from the employees of the hotels. It is even more important in the international conditions. The leaders must motivate the employees to behave well and be motivated all the time. The employees should be selected after a thorough interview process and the best people should be chosen to serve the best hotels. Self-reflection I have discussed about the organizational culture in the hospitality industry through the example of Ritz Carlton Hotel. They have been the one of the best organizations so I suppose the rising organizations in this industry should look to follow how they have developed the organizational culture within their organization. If I go to a hotel for staying for some days, I would definitely want good behavior from the employees with proper etiquettes. This would please me and I will be satisfied with their service. Thus I would like that the best kind of organizational culture be implemented. References Dawson,M, Abbott, J and Shoemaker, S 2011, The Hospitality`Culture Scale: A measure organisational culture and personal attributes , International Journal of Hospitality Management, vol. 30, pp. 290-300 Berger, F and Brownell, J 2009, Organisational behaviour for the hospitality industry, Pearson Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River NJ Chatman, JA and Cha, SE 2002, Culture of growth, mastering leadership, In L Mullins (ed.), Management and organisational behaviour, 9th edn, Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow De Vita, E 2007, Get engaged, Management Today, April, pp. 38-43 He, P., Murmann, S.K. and Perdue, R.R., 2012. Management commitment and employee perceived service quality: The mediating role of affective commitment.Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship,17(3), p.79. Leonidou, L.C., Leonidou, C.N., Fotiadis, T.A. and Zeriti, A., 2013. Resources and capabilities as drivers of hotel environmental marketing strategy: Implications for competitive advantage and performance.Tourism Management,35, pp.94-110. McDonald, S. and Foster, R.A., 2013. The use of Johnson's Cultural Web to improve understanding of organisational culture: a critical review.International Journal of Management,30(4), p.340. Mullins, L. and Christy, G., 2013.Management Organisational Behaviour. Pearson Education. Raub, S. and Robert, C., 2013. Empowerment, organizational commitment, and voice behavior in the hospitality industry: Evidence from a multinational sample.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(2), pp.136-148. The Ritz-Carlton. (2017). Luxury Hotels Resorts | The Ritz-Carlton. [online] Available at: https://www.ritzcarlton.com [Accessed 23 Aug. 2017].

Possible Solutions to the Problem of Solid Waste Management Basing on the Comparison of the Situation in the USA and the European Countries

Today the problem of solid waste management is current for developed and developing countries because the hazardous effects of the ineffective solution of the question can lead to influencing the state of the environment and changing the ecological situation at the polluted territories. There are many models and programs developed at local, regional, and governmental levels in the USA and the European countries which are worked out for providing the effective solution to the problem of solid waste management.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Possible Solutions to the Problem of Solid Waste Management Basing on the Comparison of the Situation in the USA and the European Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To overcome the issue of solid waste management, the USA and the European countries practice the collection, transportation, recycling of the waste at the local and regional levels, with focusing on the com petitiveness of the industry, with involving the other countries’ landfills, or with concentrating on the inter-municipal cooperation. It is necessary to develop the economically advantageous project of the industry’s modernization according to which the spending costs should become lower and results higher. The inter-municipal cooperation can be considered as the most economically effective solution to the problem. The problem of solid waste is one of the most controversial for the urban territories with the constant growth of industries which provide the highest percentage of the solid waste. Moreover, the problem of municipal domestic waste is also current. Today it is more typical for the USA to use landfills and the system of recycling as the main methods of solid waste management. Nevertheless, different states focus on various ways of waste management with paying attention to the regional and local programs (Bel et al.). However, the main problem which can limit the effectiveness of solid waste management remains unsolved. It is the problem of the local and governmental costs spent for the management. That is why the most effective solution to the problem must be also effective from the point of its financing. The discussion on the effectiveness of this or that solution to the problem of solid waste management is still open. If it is possible to accentuate the successfulness of the realization of the inter-municipal cooperation in such European countries as Spain and the Netherlands and in the USA, it is also possible to focus on the regional programs typical for the US counties with involving the citizen information programs, recycling, and depending on waste-to-energy plants, and on the cooperation between two countries (Canada and the USA) because they are used with following the standards of technology and provide definite environmental benefits. Thus, the example of the realization of the regional program associated with solid waste m anagement in the US counties is the system of waste management in Cheshire County. The main characteristics of the system are the usage of the citizen information programs, the waste stream reduction and recycling, the development of the network which connect the territories with the centrally located county landfill.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To support the system, many counties can use public and private partnership with the local transport companies. All these factors accentuate the fact that â€Å"municipalities are paying too much for solid waste disposal† (Monahan 7). That is why it is necessary to find the more economically effective solution to the problem. The idea to use the landfills of the neighbor countries, for instance Canada and the USA, for realizing waste management programs can be considered as effective from the point of economy. However, it is important only for those territories which are located close to the countries’ borders. Moreover, there are many aspects connected with the problems of crossing the borders (transportation) and locating the waste in the landfills (Schaefer). That is why this solution also cannot be considered as the most successful one. To realize the effective solution to the problem of solid waste management in the USA, it is significant to use the principles of the inter-municipal cooperation which also can involve the definite aspects of the public-private mixed policy. This system is more appropriate for the USA because of the high level of the local fragmentation in the country. Moreover, it can be also discussed as the more developed one in comparison with the typical local and regional programs. Thus, â€Å"in the US, inter-municipal cooperation is usually not compatible with private production, although it is seen as a form of contracting out† (Bel et al. 5). The inter-municipal cooper ation allows decreasing the amount of the costs used for the collection, transportation, effective disposal, and recycling of the solid waste with sharing the responsibility for providing the necessary management. Thus, the effective inter-municipal cooperation can solve the challenges of funding and social costs. Moreover, such form of cooperation between the local authorities contributes to solving the environmental issue which is rather difficult to discuss at local levels independently. Nevertheless, why is the inter-municipal cooperation more effective than, for instance, regional county programs? It is important to note that modern programs used in counties are predominantly based on the successful aspects of the inter-municipal cooperation which is economically beneficial. The inter-municipal cooperation provides the opportunities to concentrate on the technological modernization of the processes, development of the transport system, to rationalize the division of the budget and involve all the necessary means with increasing the managerial capacity (Wilson and Scheinberg).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Possible Solutions to the Problem of Solid Waste Management Basing on the Comparison of the Situation in the USA and the European Countries specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The inter-municipal cooperation as the solution to the problem of solid waste management is based on the efficient economy balance between the country’s territories and provides the effective developed system (Bel et al.). In spite of the fact there are many programs which are used in the world for solving the problem of solid waste management, one the most economically effective systems is the inter-municipal cooperation which can be successfully realized in the USA. Summary Discussing possible solutions to the problem of solid waste management, Matthew Schaefer in his article â€Å"Waste Management in the U.S. Context: Trade or Environmental Issue?† pays attention to the relations between the USA and Canada, their integration in overcoming the issue of the solid waste with the help of the landfills abroad; Germa Bel and the group of researchers in their work â€Å"Similar Problems, Different solutions: Comparing Refuse Collection in the Netherlands and Spain† focus on comparison the effectiveness of the realization of the inter-municipal cooperation in Spain and the Netherlands; in their article â€Å"What Is Good Practice in Solid Management?† David Wilson and Anne Scheinberg concentrate on the necessity of finding the easiest variant for solving the problem which can also be appropriate for implementing in cities and countries with low incomes; Matt Monahan in his â€Å"Municipal Solid Waste Study† develops the recommendations for using regional programs in US counties. In his article â€Å"Waste Management in the U.S. Context: Trade or Environmental Issue?†, Matthew Schaefer discusses the peculiarities of the transportation of the waste between Canada and the USA. The author states that such practice has advantages for the economy of the both countries, but it also requires the solution to the question of the open borders and the creation of definite transnational standards for reducing the waste. Germa Bel, Elbert Dijkgraaf, Xavier Fageda, and Raymond Gradus developed the work in which they analyzed the peculiarities of the realization of the inter-municipal cooperation in Spain and the Netherlands with references to the experience of Great Britain and the USA. It is the most beneficial program from the point of economy for countries with the high level of the local fragmentation. In their article â€Å"What Is Good Practice in Solid Management?†, David Wilson and Anne Scheinberg discuss the findings of their prolong research which was conducted on the problem of finding the most effective and less expensive way to cope with the issue of solid waste management which could contribute to the requirements of the developed countries and developing countries.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They focus on the difference in approaches to solving the problem in big cities and low-income cities. The necessary technological modernization of the process should be supported by the authorities and political commitment. Nevertheless, it is also important to pay attention to the modernization of the economically advantageous recycling system. In his â€Å"Municipal Solid Waste Study†, Matt Monahan analyzes the features of waste management in the counties of the USA and concludes that the current system is not effective in relation to the level of expensiveness and requires the further development. It is necessary to implement the constant system with basing on the cooperative work of municipalities in order to monitor the process of collection, transportation, and recycling the solid waste form the territory. The articles are similar in providing the analysis of the effectiveness of this or that program depending on the economic factor with the focus on the examination of the benefits resulted from the usage of the mixed (public and private) policy. These examined articles are different in providing the possible solutions to the problem of solid waste management which depend on various criteria (the involvement of municipalities, governments, integration with the neighbor countries). Works Cited Bel, Germa, Elbert Dijkgraaf, Xavier Fageda and Raymond Gradus 2006, Similar Problems, Different Solutions: Comparing Refuse Collection in the Netherlands and Spain. PDF file. Web. Monahan, Matt 2004, Municipal Solid Waste Study. Web. Schaefer, Matthew. â€Å"Waste Management in the U.S. Context: Trade or Environmental Issue?† Canada-United States Law Journal 28.103 (2002): 103-114. Web. Wilson, David and Anne Scheinberg. â€Å"What Is Good Practice in Solid Management?† Waste Management Research 28.12 (2010): 1055-1056. Web. This essay on Possible Solutions to the Problem of Solid Waste Management Basing on the Comparison of the Situation in the USA and the European Countries was written and submitted by user Julian Jenkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Simple As Black And White

Term Project Research log The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America B Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki â€Å"Television ads now show many Blacks and eschew stereotypes. However, hidden patterns of differentiation and distance emerge on close analysis. Not surprisingly, for instance, Blacks do not touch Whites in the ads, but (unlike Whites) they rarely even touch each other,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"blacks appear in more commercials, but only for less-expensive products). Using nuanced measurements and arguments,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The main point in my paper is how the media manupulate our attitude about racial issues. How we view our own race identity and look at other races. This litte part in the book couht my attentnion If indeed this is a legit observation,What is does something like this convey to the audience? Black is Beautiful? The Creation of Black Womanhood Representation and Stereotyping Throughout American history, images of black women have been controlled by three main stereotypes that of the mammy, the tragic mulatta and the jezebel or whore. Blacks And Whites in Magazine Advertisements. George M. Zinkhan, Keith K. Cox, and Jae W. Hong Examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since Tis article examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since the 1950’s. The study also suggests that differences, while tending to decrease, still exist in the ways the blacks and whites are portrayed in the magazine ads. A Portrait of an Emerging Subculture. Current Issues and Research in Advertising Helena Czepiec and J. Steven Kelly I found this really intresting to read. The article examines how Hispanics are portrayed in advertising through analysis of two components. Characteristics of the models and values expressed in the ads about the character. It was kind of funny how the ads targeted at the Hispanic audience presented a... Free Essays on Simple As Black And White Free Essays on Simple As Black And White Term Project Research log The Black Image in the White Mind: Media and Race in America B Robert M. Entman and Andrew Rojecki â€Å"Television ads now show many Blacks and eschew stereotypes. However, hidden patterns of differentiation and distance emerge on close analysis. Not surprisingly, for instance, Blacks do not touch Whites in the ads, but (unlike Whites) they rarely even touch each other,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"blacks appear in more commercials, but only for less-expensive products). Using nuanced measurements and arguments,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The main point in my paper is how the media manupulate our attitude about racial issues. How we view our own race identity and look at other races. This litte part in the book couht my attentnion If indeed this is a legit observation,What is does something like this convey to the audience? Black is Beautiful? The Creation of Black Womanhood Representation and Stereotyping Throughout American history, images of black women have been controlled by three main stereotypes that of the mammy, the tragic mulatta and the jezebel or whore. Blacks And Whites in Magazine Advertisements. George M. Zinkhan, Keith K. Cox, and Jae W. Hong Examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since Tis article examines if any change has occurred in portraying black models in magazine ads since the 1950’s. The study also suggests that differences, while tending to decrease, still exist in the ways the blacks and whites are portrayed in the magazine ads. A Portrait of an Emerging Subculture. Current Issues and Research in Advertising Helena Czepiec and J. Steven Kelly I found this really intresting to read. The article examines how Hispanics are portrayed in advertising through analysis of two components. Characteristics of the models and values expressed in the ads about the character. It was kind of funny how the ads targeted at the Hispanic audience presented a...

Traveling Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traveling Abroad - Essay Example Venezuela, Russia, South Korea and China, have also been enlisted to be ranked in the category of projecting unfriendliness towards foreign visitors (Cha, 2013). Nevertheless, as these places present some unique tourism cultures and attractions, tourists can take certain preventive measures when visiting these places. It is worth mentioning in this context that the top priority of every tourist or traveller should be to look forward to his/her own safety first and then, worry about their travelling experiences. An individual should also take into consideration certain essential facts before going for an international trip. Above all, the most important fact is that every foreign visitor, no matter to whichever nation they visit, should go through the past records of every foreign visitor related crime that occurred within that nation and take requisite measures thereto (U. S. Passport & International Travel, 2014). They should also have some formulated backup planning about how to save themselves in case they get into any sort of trouble. Apart from this, the travelers should also book travel packages through registered traveling agencies. Adding to that, they should continuously keep in touch with their family members or some local law authorities who might be helpful in case the travelling individuals get into any sort of trouble (U. S. Passport & International Travel, 2014). Moreover, every international airport is quite likely to maintain a certain degree of safety and an authoritative body who can provide necessary information on the risk rates of various areas within their countries. Apart from these safety measures, the tourists should also keep hold of their necessary identification documents. They should avoid high level of exposure and contact with local inhabitants as well. The visitors should further keep

In the struggle for equality, civil partnerships have been viewed as a Essay

In the struggle for equality, civil partnerships have been viewed as a triumph. Do they signify the achievement of full equalit - Essay Example This refers to the marriage between the two people of the same biological sex or social gender and is legally or socially recognized. The occurrence of the civil partnership between the couple gives them the advantage of similar treatment as well as benefits the same as any married couple (CivilPartnershipInfo.co.uk, 2006). Since the early part of the twentieth century, number of countries has begun formalizing same-sex marriage legally by which this has been recognized by some other conservative nations as civil, political, social, and religious issues. The issues regarding the civil partnership or same sex marriages are all about the conflict whether the same sex-couples must have the rights of marriage, use different status as stated in the civil unions and be granted the equal rights as of marriage or either limited rights compared to marriage, or not to be given any of the said rights. Many arguments arise regarding the issue between the people that support same-sex marriage and those that are against. An argument that supports same-sex marriage expressed and claims that the reason behind the denial of the same-sex couples legal access to marriage as well as the benefits that it incorporates signifies discrimination that is based on sexual orientation. It is also claim by the supporters that the financial, psychological, and physical comfort and security are improved by marriage which benefitted by the children of the same-sex-couples by being raised by two parents that is legally recognized union (Rosie Harding, 2011). The rejection for the use of the word â€Å"marriage† to be applied to the same-sex couple has also been an argument by those that are against the same-sex marriage, the same as the objections about the status legally and socially of the marriage itself being applied to same-sex partners. Other arguments are presented directly and indirectly concerning the consequences of same-sex marriage regarding the parenting and tradition. Pursu it of Equality There was a domino type effect regarding the movement in the same-sex marriage since the 2001 debut in the Netherland. Up to date, its legal status was fully secured in 13 areas of responsibilities within the three continents: Europe, America and Africa. In Europe, the legalization of the same-sex marriage was driven by the gays and lesbians to the government as their right that lead the way to the legalization of the same sex marriage. The same pattern was also observe in the US and this step by step approach lead to a positive effect of attaining three prominent milestones which is the decriminalization of homosexuality, anti-discrimination legislation and partnership legislation. At the present, the government is demanding its people to respect and to have the equal treatment among the gays and lesbians and certain measures would be given to the transgressors. There should be an equal treatment among everyone in the society regardless of the sexual orientation; thi s creates a big question as to why same-sex couples are not enjoying the rights as well as the benefits compared to the married heterosexuals. This issue opens the awareness that attracts suspicion that the treatment to same-sex couples are second class citizen and definitely under the second-class institution. Therefore, there will only be equality upon the legalization of the same-sex marriage if logically, treatment in all manner of life will be identical (Lee, M.Y.K., 2010). As the arguments

American Industrial Revolution Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Essay

American Industrial Revolution Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - Essay Example These factors all allowed Pittsburgh to become the major American city contributing to the Industrial Revolution, and Pittsburgh's connections with the rest of the United States helped to spawn the Industrial Revolution in other parts of the country. In order to understand why Pittsburgh was such a key player in America's Industrial Revolution, one must trace the city's boom back to the start of the Industrial Revolution within the city's own boundaries. The start of the Industrial Revolution in Pittsburgh can be traced all the way back to the start of the nineteenth century. The low cost of coke, and iron, alongside the large amount of coal found near Pittsburgh contributed to the development of the iron industry within the city, and later, within America (Bernal, 1970, p. 83). Most of the iron production during this time period used charcoal as a source of fuel. However, the discovery of the abundance of minerals around Pittsburgh introduced a new and better way to produce iron. This occurred mainly because coal can create a higher temperature, and is thus more effective for burning in comparison to charcoal. Furthermore, the coal found outside of Pittsburgh was excellent in quality, and was vary abundant (Derry and Williams, 1993, p. 94). For example, coal seams were discovered to be at least four to ten feet in thickness outside the city, and when compared to London, Pittsburgh's coal turned out to be of better quality, more abundant, and most importantly, more profitable. The early production of iron nails, balls, and different farm tools began to occur, and eventually these products were widely available to the public. In 1812, Pittsburgh developed the first iron rolling mill, using the development of the steam engine. This first mill spawned many other mills using steam engine power, and the city grew as a result (Hannegan, 2000, p. 23). By 1815, Pittsburgh could be called the biggest city in the east. This advancement in iron technology in the city opened the door to allowing Pittsburgh to become a major city within the Industrial Revolution. Obviously having better quality coal than London, which was at the heart of the Western Industrial Revolution, is an early indicator of how important Pittsbur gh was becoming to the rest of the United States. The coal developments in Pittsburgh inspired the rest of the United States to revise its approach to goal development. After the development of the iron mills came the development of glass factories, pottery mills, breweries, grist mills, nail mills, steam engine factories, cotton factors, and printing offices. The glass factories were yet another important development to the Industrial Revolution and the rest of the United States. Not surprsingly, plate glass saw very limited residential use in the 1800's. In Boston some of the wealthiest people had begun to use polished plate glass instead of sheet glass in their front windows before 1850. In 1897 the Marsh Plate Glass Company developed a continuous lehr (oven) for annealing plate glass, reducing the carefully controlled cooling time from three days to three hours. Oldhousejournal online

Self-Portrait Essay

Self-Portrait Essay My understanding of the society I live in changes from day to day. When Obama was elected, I had great hopes for this country and that racial equality would finally balance out and that old prejudices would disappear Black people would get better jobs, everyone would be equal, and the Democrats would take care of us and see to it that my parents and their parents get a fair deal here in America. I had unrealistic expectations, like most young people. I did not realize that the economy would go down so quickly. But I have the encouragement of my family and church, to forge ahead and attain my goals. We are native Suirnamese people, South American, and my descendants are Indian. My parents brought me to America when I was four years old. I am nineteen years of age. Since I am fully Americanized and have grown up in America, I have never experienced immigrant prejudice; my skin is light and I have no accent. I would have to label myself in the American society as a young female adult. I see myself in society as a young female trying to keep up with other females who are judged on their ability to look good, wear the right hair styles that are contemporary, display stylish accessories and clothing on a daily basis, and keep the figure because fat people are discriminated against, openly, no matter what age they are. This society is health conscious, weight conscious, clothes conscious, designed brand conscious, body pamper conscious, sex conscious, and materialistic. I see myself as having to keep up with other females my age; if not, I am excluded from social events and activities that enjoy prominence in my community. If I dont have the right clothes for church benefits and extra-curricular activities in my social network, I am not accepted into the group and it is a zero tolerance situation as far as young females are concerned. With regard to what is expected of me by other females, and how I see my own self-image, it is easier to go along with my peers and sta y competitive with them, then it is to drop out of the social network, become an outsider and not be accepted by my age group. In order to stay popular, well-liked and trusted by my peers, I have to maintain the correct appearance so that I remain status quo with the other young female adults who aspire to become educated, successful and financially secure. Theres no way to deny the importance of high beauty standards in this country, today. One cannot turn away from billboards, television ads, magazine pages, newspaper clips, or even video games that perpetuate the slender, perfect body with perfect long fingernails glamorous hair and make-up and sexy clothes that are clingy and revealing. Theres no way to get away from the broadcasts about fat Americans and European dislike for fat Americans; and everywhere you turn, there is someone behind you that looks like Madonna or any one of thousands of perfect role models flashing in the media. They are cultural heroes and their femininity is no longer denied. I guess that in order to rule the world, a woman has to be a Barbie doll so that she will gain attention from men even if she doesnt have the brains to go with it. Perhaps that is the message that women and advertisers are communicating in the 21st century. Furthermore, since society is so set on stressing the importance of a thin bod y and a gorgeous face, it is not a surprise that eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia to overcome the female fear of becoming fat are on the rise today (Medias Effect on Girls, 2009, 1-4). They are what they consume, and it is killing them. Coming to America when I was four years old was a tremendous culture shock for my parents, but not for me. My mother never realized that female beauty could be so concentrated in exacted guidelines and standardized measurements as it is here in America. It is most puzzling how American women can subject themselves to such a biased standard of configuration. In my country of origin, Suriname, women are valued for their individuality and natural charm and beauty. We dont have a standard look of fashion beauty nor do we feel obligated or condemned to a life of copying what we see in magazines. Although we do have fads, as all countries do, our maturity lends to individual styles which are socially acceptable and respected. There is no need for false imaging to gain social acceptance. However, this was the country my parents, grandparents and descendants grew up in. Over the years as I was growing up, my parents realized that they had to furnish me with everything my classmates had; just to keep me from being bullied by classmates. Apparently, the influence of advertising in America is so persuasive that women cannot relate to themselves unless they emulate their stage stars and media stereotypes. Female appearance is central in America, and according to Dr. Smith, professor of Marketing at the University of Wisconsin, ads with female models are usually for appearance-related products, and by the time girls reach adolescence, they redefine their image and envision their futures (Advertising Images of Girls, 1997, 2). Thus, advertising and media supports send messages that could limit their aspirations, undermine their self worth and endanger their health. Example: body-pampering with soaps and shampoos that show lady (thin lady) in the shower, with long beautiful hair, perfect dimensions and perfect everything. Then she steps into a sexy little dress that she could not wear until she joined Jenny Craig and lost 25 pounds of unwanted weight. Now she is perfect, acceptable, and the dress she is wearing can be bou ght at a Wal-Mart and the thin body can be purchased at Jenny Craig Diet Center, and the shampoo and soap can be purchased from any local discount store. So the advertisers are happy, the actors are rich, and the female viewer is frowning because she cant wear the skinny little dress because she hasnt lost enough weight to fit into a size 5. The emphasis on female appearance tells American females that they are under pressure to be thin. On the other hand, this tells boys and men that women are supposed to be, above everything else, a pretty and perfect package and something to behold, but not necessarily to respect (Advertising Images of Girls, 1997, 2). All I can hope to accomplish as a young female adult is to fit in, get a good education and career, not rely on marriage to fulfill my identity, and keep a close affiliation with my church and community. Bibliography Advertising Images of Girls and Women. (Fall 1997). A Report from Children Now. 1-5 Available on http://www.childrennow.org/media/medianow/mnfall1997.html Medias Effect on Girls: Body Image and Gender Identity. (03 April 2009) 1-4. Available on http://www.medianfamily.org/facts/facts_mediaeffect.shtml

Catcher in the Rye Essay: Themes of Society and Growing Up

Themes of Society and Growing Up in The Catcher in the Rye      Ã‚   In reading J.D. Salinger's novel, The Catcher in the Rye, one is compelled to have a very strong reaction to the contents of the book.   Whether that reaction is negative or positive, it is unquestionable that the reader will give the novel a second thought after reading it.   There could be many reasons why this novel has such an impact on the readers.   It may be the use of Salinger's catchy slang phrases, bitingly sarcastic and usually negative, grabbing the attention of the reader.   Another possibility is Holden, the novel's subject and lead character.   "He describes everything as 'phony', is constantly in search of sincerity, and represents the first hero of adolescent angst"(Belcher).   Or, it could be the originality of the perspective the book takes on the popular theme of the right of passage and the experience of growing up.   Most likely, it was the overall tone of the book that incorporated all of these factors and combined them to form an inventi ve story line with a believable plot.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Holden Caulfield, described in the book as around age sixteen, is a classic antihero type: full of negative opinions, rarely a gentleman, not exactly the best looking boy in his prep school, yet somehow deserving of some sympathy.   Holden is a character who is said to be motivated by his hormones and his own personal opinions alone.   Unfortunately for him, both of these aspects of his character often get him into trouble.   However despite all of this, Holden is a character that most teenagers relate to in many ways because his feelings are genuine and problems easy to relate to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When studying a piece of literature, it is meaningful ... ...d he was confused like everybody else.   There is a line in the book where Holden actually says "I don't exactly know what I mean by that, but I mean it."   One wonders how the author could get away with saying something like that, but then one realizes that in actuality it is refreshingly different and almost a relief.   The theme of the novel was a message about society and growing up.   For Holden and for many others, it is too much to ask to live in a world where you have to catch yourself before you fall.    Works Cited Belcher, William F., and Lee, James E.   J.D. Salinger and the Critics.   20th Sept. 1999 http://kirjasto.scifi/salinger.htm. Davis, Robert Con, ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 56. Detroit: Gail Research Inc., 1989. Stevenson, David. "J.D. Salinger: The Mirror of Crisis." The Nation, Vol. 184, No. 10, March 1957, 215-17.

Bebe Stores Inc

Bebe Stores Corporation designs produce and sells stylish women wear. In the late 1990’s Business Week Magazine named it one of the fastest growing companies in the United States of America. In 22 states across the country Bebe has about 101 boutiques. The majority of these boutiques are in the expensive malls and the target markets are the trendy females between the ages of 18-35.Bebe offers suits, dresses at a price which is very competitive to stores such as banana republic, Express and Guess. The store presents itself as a feasible choice to consumers who cannot afford the expensive price tag of dresses.Bebe has achieved its success not only because of its cost effective management and manufacturing methods but also because of the Entertainment business. The designs of the company appear on famous television shows such as Friends, Beverly Hills 90210, and Ally Mcbeal. Movie stars such as Jennifer Lopez, Drew Barrymore and Alicia Silverstone have worn Bebe’s clothing in movies. Starting of Bebe The idea of Bebe was started by a former entertainment personality Manny Mashouf who was an expert in the management of arena’s and restaurants.In the middle of the 1970’s, Manny Mashouf saw a chance to earn profit from the rising market of women ear which were being designed specially for trendy young consumers. He opened his first store in San Francisco in 1970. The name Bebe was used as it summarized many of the descriptions he wanted his clothes to portray. The name to Mashouf represented growth and was taken from Hamlet’s famous phrase which was to be or not to be and in Turkish it means Women and in French it means baby.The name pronounced as bee bee was one of its kind and portrayed the customer and youthful and sharp originality which the company wanted its clothes to emerge. Bebe became an instant hit because its main focus was on clothes for the young and trendy females. The first couple of years, Bebe had one boutique and after several years it opened a branch in the northern part of California. Mashouf at first was very conventional in his approach to expand his business. He focused on the financial stability of the stores which he had already opened before opening up boutiques in new locations.This approach worked perfectly and the company started to grow in the North and Western part in the 1980s. Success of Bebe Bebe had a control over its design and manufacturing cost which was making it more profitable. All products were being produced by Bebe itself. Keeping its overhead cost lower than other companies Bebe was using locally produced material in its clothing. This benefited Bebe a lot as the company was saving on additional costs and was controlling its overall image. To offer consistency in style and quality in its clothes, Mashouf and his team saw their products from the initial stage to the final presentation.The popularity of the company grew very much in the 1980 and soon the company star ted to focus from trendy wear to sexy cocktail dresses. In the late 1980s, Bebe was in competition against big chains such as Ralph Lauren. It never kept a secret of its target market which was the young trendy females. The economy of United States started to grow and large and expensive malls were being built at a very fast pace. The company got its initial opportunity to expand from a local chain to a national brand.By 1994 Bebe with its expansion campaign had opened 38 stores in a year in well located mall across the country. The prices varied from a simple t shirt costing $30 to a sexy short cocktail dress costing $150. Bebe advertised its clothes in famous magazines such as Vogue in which models were shown wearing Bebe’s dress and posing in seductive way. The image portrayed in the magazine worked perfectly and profit and its name soared to new heights. After the initial success of Bebe, it took a bold step to seek name identification from not only its advertising campai gns but also through celebrity publicity.This step was taken because Bebe wanted the consumers to see the clothing on famous stars which would automatically associate those stars with the Bebe brand. This association would make profits rise even further than before. Heather Locklear a host of a successful television series in 1995 called Melrose Palace wore a dress of Bebe. In this show several attractive television stars were shown with unique dresses and were copied all around the country. The outfit of Bebe being showed in the series now started appearing on different celebrities including Madonna, Julia Roberts, Jennifer Lopez, Cindy Crawford etc.and all of them were appealing to customers whom the company was trying to attract. Than Bebe’s dresses started appearing on famous shows including The Practice, Ally Mcbeal etc. The growing relationship between the entertainment industry and clothes was becoming a trend. In an episode of Ally Mcbeal, the story rotated around the length of a skirt worn by the star of the show. This skirt was of Bebe and after the show was aired, orders of the skirt went up all across the country. By the late 1990’s Bebe had become an important part of the entertainment industry. Bebe was not a trend setter like Ralph Lauren and Donna Karan were.The success behind the company was its skill to precisely and quickly copy the styles of other trend setters from season to season. When Donna Karan came out with a pure, delicate dress for a season, Bebe followed with same design in a couple of weeks. By doing so, Bebe was allowing its fashionable customer to keep up with the new trendy wear. Duplicating the clothes of other famous brands, Bebe was offering the same trendy wear in half of what the customer would pay for the big brands. The company managed to make its own products which were attracting both celebrities and consumers without adding any significant costs.Another success factor was the company’s test and r eorder method, which was allowing Bebe to move its stock at a faster pace than its competitors. By this method, the company would begin shipping its products to stores in a limited quantity. If the product did remarkably well, the company would hold its new stock and started meeting the customer demands of the product which was doing well. As Bebe was making its own products, they had a firm control over the quantity of the products to be produced and at what pace they were to be produced.This test and reorder method soon became an import part of the company’s financial position. Bebe had developed itself spectacularly in the 1990s from a single boutique to such a financial strength that it went public in 1998. The initial offering was $11 per share and around 2. 5 million shares were sold. Mashouf had 88% of the share after the company appeared on the stock exchange and he played an important part in the company’s expansion. The target market of Bebe was the younger t rendy women mostly in the 20s but after its spectacular growth in the 1990s, the company started to target to even younger girls.Bebe started to offer less expensive, logo inscribed t shirts, jackets and sweaters. The introduction of the new merchandise not only brought new customer but made the name of company more noticeable. The company’s primary products were suits and dresses but than it added more casual wear to its already successful collection. The company than was noticed by many retailers who became partners with the company after agreeing on terms which was quite profitable for Bebe. Bebe signed an agreement with Genender International which produces fashionable but reasonably priced watches.Later another agreement was signed with Titan Industries to make footwear which was to be sold in Bebe shops and other renowned departmental stores. Than along with California design studio, Bebe produced sunglasses and optical frames with price ranging from $50-150. In late 19 98, Bebe went online and introduced an online boutique which was a significant step in the technological era. In 1999, Bebe managed to open 11 more stores and by the end of May the company successfully opened its 100th store. Two stores were opened internationally with one being in Kent England and the other being Vancouver, Canada.The popularity of these stored internationally encouraged the company to open more stores in countries like South east Asia, Israel and Greece. Bebe’s fairy tale success was not without risk. Bebe targeted to a limited customer market and was always condemned due to its small size and for creating clothes which could only be targeted to a small portion of the American female public. The expansion plan of Bebe was better than the company had planned and in 1999 the sales of the company were soaring and it became virtually unbeatable. Bibliography †¢ Bebe Stores (2007) from Wikipedia. Retrieved on April 30, 2007 from http://en.wikipedia. org/wik i/Bebe_stores †¢ Bebe Stores. Retrieved on April 30, 2007 from www. bebe. com †¢ Bebe Stores Inc, Company Profile from Wright Reports. Retrieved on April 30,2007 from http://wrightreports. ecnext. com/coms2/reportdesc_COMPANY_075571109 †¢ Bebe from Sanfransicoshops. com. Retrieved on April 30,2007 from http://www. fillmoreshop. com/pages/bebe. html †¢ Bebe Stores Inc from Yahoo. Retrieved on April 30,2007 from http://finance. yahoo. com/q/pr? s=BEBE †¢ Bebe stores from Hoovers. Retrieved on April 30, 2007 from http://www. hoovers. com/bebe-stores/–ID__56757–/free-co-factsheet. xhtml

Free Essays on The Explosive Child

Ross W. Greene defines an inflexible-explosive child as a child who is unable to â€Å"shift gears and think clearly in the midst of frustration†(Greene 1998). His book The Explosive Child is a book that gives many examples of many different children who in situations are IE. The book is a good tool for parents or people who work with children who need help when it comes to dealing with inflexible and explosive children. The examples he gives throughout the book are good when trying to see what will and what won’t work for the individual child. The idea of giving in to these IE children is not what Greene says in the book. I think that the main idea that Greene is going for is that as a parent you need to decide what to make the issue of, knowing that it might lead to a meltdown. As a therapist a diagnosis of and IE child might be difficult because the child might have a meltdown before they even get to the therapist’s office. The TAT is a test that might be helpful when diagnosing the child. Listening to the stories that they tell can give insight into what the child feels, and possibly to why they act in the way they do. The Explosive Child is a book that is good for parents, teachers and even therapists. It has good information, and explains how these difficult children can be dealt with. This book is good for anyone who works with children. It could be a good resource for parents as well. They need to know that their child isn’t the only one who is inflexible and explosive.... Free Essays on The Explosive Child Free Essays on The Explosive Child Ross W. Greene defines an inflexible-explosive child as a child who is unable to â€Å"shift gears and think clearly in the midst of frustration†(Greene 1998). His book The Explosive Child is a book that gives many examples of many different children who in situations are IE. The book is a good tool for parents or people who work with children who need help when it comes to dealing with inflexible and explosive children. The examples he gives throughout the book are good when trying to see what will and what won’t work for the individual child. The idea of giving in to these IE children is not what Greene says in the book. I think that the main idea that Greene is going for is that as a parent you need to decide what to make the issue of, knowing that it might lead to a meltdown. As a therapist a diagnosis of and IE child might be difficult because the child might have a meltdown before they even get to the therapist’s office. The TAT is a test that might be helpful when diagnosing the child. Listening to the stories that they tell can give insight into what the child feels, and possibly to why they act in the way they do. The Explosive Child is a book that is good for parents, teachers and even therapists. It has good information, and explains how these difficult children can be dealt with. This book is good for anyone who works with children. It could be a good resource for parents as well. They need to know that their child isn’t the only one who is inflexible and explosive....

Computers and computer networks The WritePass Journal

Computers and computer networks Computers and computer networks Regenerative repeaterBridgeHubRouterCharlie and LolaREFERENCESRelated Introduction OSI layers 1. Physical – Data unit: bit The Physical Layer defines electrical and physical specifications for devices. It defines the relationship between a device and net, example cable (copper or optical ), pins, hubs, repeaters, network adapters and more. 2. Data Link – Data unit: frame The Data Link Layer provides the means to transfer data between network device and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the Physical Layer. 3. Network – Data unit: packet The Network Layer provides the means of transferring data sequences from a host on one network to a destination on a different network, while maintaining the quality of service. 4. Transport – Data unit: segments The Transport Layer provides transfer of data between end users, providing reliable data transfer services to the upper layers. 5. Session – Data unit: data The Session Layer controls the connections between computers. It provides for full-duplex, half-duplex, or simplex operation. 6. Presentation – Data unit: data The Presentation Layer establishes context between Application Layer entities, in which the higher-layer entities may use different syntax and semantics if the presentation service provides a mapping between them. 7. Application – Data unit: data Network process to application The Application Layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means that both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. Regenerative repeater Regenerative repeater is a device which regenerates incoming digital signals and then retransmits these signals on an outgoing circuit. This device is useful because signals in twisted pair cable is degrading then moving long distances. If I am correct than after 100 meters signal is degraded beyond repair, so it is necessary to put router, switch or regenerating repeater. Switches and routers are more important than to give a boost to the signal. Their also are more expensive. Repeater uses transport layer. It is different from other components because it is not doing anything difficult. It receives signal, boost it and send it forward. It is used then there is long cable and signal can seriously degrade. Bridge Computer has two different memory types, slow and fast. Fast is managed in upper part of motherboard, and slower – lower part. Both memory managers have special chip where their memory is configured/used accordingly. Between them is bridge. It is very important part which is to ensure computers work. Bridge connects processing memory with storage memory what computer processes could be done. It uses physical layer. It differs from other components because it is just connection between two memory „managersâ€Å". Situation with this component is impossible. It is necessary to computer work. Hub Hub is a device for connecting multiple devices together and making them act as a LAN. It is just like network switch, but this is the older version. The device is a form of multiport repeater. Hubs was before the switches and there are not good enough anymore. Then hub receives a data packet it isn’t send to computer for witch it belongs, but it is send to all computers, whose are connected to computer. The right one takes it, the others ignores it. If two computers send data at the same time, then collision occur. In other words better use switches, hubs are old and not reliable. It is using physical layer. It different from other components because it is used to connect computers and other devices together into network. The availability of low-priced network switches has largely rendered hubs obsolete but they are still seen in older installations and more specialized applications. To pass data through the repeater in a usable fashion from one segment to the next, the packe ts and the Logical Link Control (LLC) protocols must be the same on the each segment. Router A router is a device that chooses path for data packets across computer networks. Network between end-users is a giant net, where all joint spots are routers. ISP routers usually exchange routing information using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Also called a Provider Edge router, is placed at the edge of an ISP network. The router uses External BGP to EBGP protocol routers in other ISPs. This device is different from other because it is created to ensure data packet travel across network. It is considered a network layer device. Charlie and Lola a) Files must be kept in order at all times. Keeping them spread is not good idea because then needed, they can be hard to find around other files there. And desktop is not a place for â€Å"secret† files. C:/Documents and Settings/Charlie/MySecretFiles/TopSecret.odt When he press â€Å"Save As†, it depends where was his last save. When he has to navigate to his â€Å"special† file he have several options. There suppose to be quick buttons which will move directly to My Documents or My Computer. If My Documents is used, then you need to open MySecretFiles folder and than save your file. If My Computer used, then you need to open Local Disk (C:), then Documents and Settings, after that folder Charlie, after that My Documents and finally MySecretFiles. Then you can save your file. I don’t fink what folder MySecretFiles and file TopSecret.odt is so secret after all. When you have something secret don’t call it secret. b) This question is tricky one. It depends where is Mary. Because if he would be on the same LAN than Mary can make his printer accessible through LAN and Charlie would be able to print his file from his home. Just he need to order printing through Mary’s printer. But then anyone could print through that printer. Well Charlie’s out of luck. Mary’s is on other LAN, but that is not a problem. To send file to someone else is not very hard. There is several ways to do it: Skype. This program can be used to talk to someone, to write messages and to send files. E-mail. Using your mail to create new message, you can attach a file and send it with a message. It is secure because email sites like Yahoo uses secure connection. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a combination of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol with the SSL/TLS protocol to provide encrypted communication and secure identification of a network web server. c) Well the message start from Charlie’s PC to his wireless device, which forwards it to router. Then it will move across network to Mary’s PC. It will use lots of different network protocols: ARP – Address Resolution Protocol RARP – Reverse Address Resolution Protocol L2F – Layer 2 Forwarding Protocol L2TP – Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LLDP – Link Layer Discovery Protocol MTP – Message Transfer Part IPv6 – Internet Protocol version 6 RIP – Routing Information Protocol NFS – Network File System DNS – Domain Name System FTP – File Transfer Protocol HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol There is a lot more protocols which will be used at some times but there is no way to name them all. Now I explain the main of these. Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is a version of the Internet Protocol (IP) which was designed to succeed his predecessor Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4). The Internet operates by transferring data packets that are guided across networks as specified by the Internet Protocol. The Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming system built on a database, or any resource connected to the Internet or a private network. Most importantly, it translates domain names known to users into the IP addresses for the purpose of locating and addressing these devices worldwide. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a Transmission Control Protocol based network, such as the Internet. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a networking protocol for using information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web. These four protocols is the main ones to let Charlie’s message to reach Mary. The Hypertext Transfer Protocol will enable Charlie to use internet. Domain Name System protocol will found email site Charlie’s using. File Transfer Protocol will ensure files movement from host to host. That can be Charlie to Mary, or Charlie to email site and email site to Mary. Internet Protocol version 6 guides data packets across network. Charlie’s file will newer be send like it is. It will be divine in several (or thousands) data packets and send to destination. d) Lora and Lotta are not hackers. Then it comes to intercept data transfer there three levels of security. Highest level is fiber wire. Light comes through it so to hack it you have to cut it and it will be detected. The middle level of security is twisted pair cable. The little device can be attached to cable and it will read all data coming through. The lowest security is wireless LAN or WLAN, or wireless local area network. When transmission is send through air anyone can access it (with high hacking skills and extremely expensive equipment). Lotta is very good with computers, what about hacking and network. Neither of girls don’t have skills. And normally messages are encrypted due to use of HTTPS. He can also put a password on a file (if possible). Or he can compress file to archive with password (rar, zip, 7z). e) Well first of all Soren Lorensen is IMAGINARY. He can’t do anything. He knows what Lora knows. If he will try to help Lora just keep pressing random buttons he shows and she definitely end up formatting her hard drive. She better have imaginary friend Smarty Hacker. REFERENCES JAVVIN network management security (no date) OSI 7 layers Model of Network Communication [Online]. Available from: javvin.com/osimodel.html [Accessed 06th April 2011] Internet Society (no date) IPv6 [Online]. Available from: isoc.org/internet/issues/ipv6.shtml [Accessed 06th April 2011] Webopedia (no date) What is DNS? [Online]. Available from: webopedia.com/TERM/D/DNS.html [Accessed 06th April 2011] Webopedia (no date) What is HTTP? [Online]. Available from: webopedia.com/TERM/H/HTTP.html [Accessed 06th April 2011] About.com Personal Web Pages (no date) FTP – What Is It and How Do I Use It [Online]. Available from: http://personalweb.about.com/od/ftpfileuploadprograms/a/01ftp.htm [Accessed 06th April 2011]

Management Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Management Principles - Essay Example Thirdly, on one hand, organisations are trying to take advantage of globalisation by setting up their businesses in multiple locations, and on the other hand, varying economic statuses and governmental regulations are creating disturbances in wealth distribution across different countries. These are further creating inflation, unemployment, competition and privatization (Schermerhorn, 2010). What are the forms and opportunities of international business? In order to sustain globalisation and competition, organisations have adopted a variety of business strategies. Based on these, businesses can be categorized into market entry strategies and direct investment strategies (Schermerhorn, 2010). Businesses based on market strategies include global sourcing, export and import businesses, and licensing and franchising businesses. Global sourcing firms base their strategies on purchasing patterns of their materials or services. Export-import businesses are conducted by selling to or acquiri ng products/services from other countries. Licensing involves provision of rights to make or sell the company’s products in other locations. Franchising involves provision of all requirements for conducting a specific business in other countries.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 129

Essay Example Du Bois believed the intellectual elite inherent in the black people should qualify them for integration into the American society. Du Bois held that the black people possessed intellectual prowess to advance and actualize racial equality while seeking assistance from the whites (White 52). Du Bois was among the founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People that advocated equality and inclusion of the black people in the social, economic, educational, and political matters (White 53). In contrast, Garvey utilized black nationalization to lead the African-Americans towards racial purity and culture. Garvey used the Universal Negro Improvement Association to uplift the people of the African origin. Using the association, Garvey championed for respect for humanity regardless of race (White 92). He advocated the economic self-determination of the black people. Both Marcus Garvey and William E.B Du Bois championed for the preservation of the black cultural her itage, pan-Africanism, and economic nationalism. UNIA collaborated with the Klu Klux Klan although the latter championed for white supremacy (White 93). The Negro World, a weekly publication, highlighted the significance of race consciousness, black pride, and independence. Similarly, KKK did not support the NAACP because the movement targeted to divide the blacks and Jews while promoting the white supremacy. Although they utilized different philosophies, Garvey and Du Bois advocated the preservation of the black cultural heritage, pan-Africanism, and economic nationalism. Du Bois believed the intellectual prowess of the black should facilitate the incorporation of the race in the American society. Garvey held that racial purity and culture were significant in fostering respect for humanity. The Great Depression that started in 1929 destabilized the American society. In 1932, the Great Depression was a huge crisis in the whole nation, and a quarter of

W4 Comment on Peer Responses DQ1 AE and DQ2 CC Assignment

W4 Comment on Peer Responses DQ1 AE and DQ2 CC - Assignment Example People work in order to survive and be able to feed their families. The United States has a high standard of living evidenced by its gross domestic product per capita of $46,300 (CultureGrams, 2011). It is always tough when people do not earn enough money to cover their living expenses. Often when people are not able to break even in terms of income and expenses they borrow money from credit cards or loans to survive. The problem with such a strategy is that it is a short term solution. Eventually the person will run out of credit. A lot hard working Americans have gone bankrupt since the recession began in 2008. In 2010 there were over 1.5 million Americans that file bankruptcies (Uscourt, 2010). You mentioned in your response that poor people often rely on governmental assistance. The problem with programs such as welfare is not the economic incentive that it offers since a lot of people need the money to eat. To me the problem lies in that some people get comfortable and they never want to leave welfare. Uscourts.gov (2011). 2010 Report of Statistics Required by the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005. Retrieved October 28, 2011 from

The History of African Americans Essay Example for Free

The History of African Americans Essay Jewish people had the horrific era ordeal of the Holocaust, Native Americans had to deal with the displacement of their people which lead to death, starvation and exposure to diseases while in en route to other locations. However one could suggest that African Americans had an extremely rough time, and till this day continue to have a rough time fighting for equality in all things. This is to not downplay the horrific, and devastating things that happened to other ethnicities, but despite the unfairness, the injustice, the inequality, African Americans have always found a way to rise to the occasion and still find some gleam of hope that one day things will be fair. African Americans have endured countless hardships, countless set-backs, and sometimes a seemingly never ending battle. Despite the way the United States have treated blacks from the time they brought slaves over to America on their ships, to this day in age, black people have not given up hope that one day all, especially African Americans will one day be treated equally. This purpose of this paper is to enlighten the accomplishments of the African American race as an whole, and will outline the many trials and tribulations that African Americans have gone through, the many contributions they have made, as well as the relentless efforts blacks have made to not turn its back on the United States, despite the country many of times turning its back, or more-so looking the other way while morally wrong events took place, despite the fact that it seemed oh so many times that they took three steps forward only to be knocked back two. Nonetheless they still prevailed and continuously paving ways and making things better for the next generation making harsh sacrifices, even to the extent of death. Immediately after the Civil War ended and Congress passing the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery in 1865, no more than a year later former Confederate states started passing the so-called â€Å"Black Codes†. What this basically meant was that blacks were now allowed to legally be married, own property, and also have a limited access to the courts, and by limited it meant only when a white person was not being testified against. They could not serve in state militias or on juries, vote, or even start a job without having the consent of a previous employer. They also came up with harsh laws for things that were beyond control such as making it a crime for being unemployed or making trivial offenses, handled on a felony level or with harsher sentences. It basically re-enslaved black people in another fashion by requiring blacks to sign yearly labor contracts, and if refused they risked being arrested and fined or typically forcing them into unpaid labor. (Black Codes , 2013) In 1867 five all black colleges were founded: Howard University, Morgan State College, Talladega College, St. Augustine’s College, and Johnson C Smith College. These schools were actually established 26 years before the end of slavery. Some may ask why were these schools still needed in the first place, or still needed after schools were desegregated in 1954. Well the answer to that question is one of many. For one we must examine this from a realistic angle, at that point in time education amongst African Americans was not encouraged by many whites during that time. Remember it was about 87 years between the time black colleges began existing and schools becoming desegregated. So one can only assume that there were many things done to discourage blacks from being educated such as making laws, and giving harsh punishments, burning down schools, or even extending to death, if discovered that one could read and was educated. Originally starting out the purpose of black colleges were simply for one to teach others to become teachers, however it lead to being the foundation of many inventors, educators, CEO’s, politicians, activists, entrepreneurs, scientist, etc. People such as Oprah Winfrey, Thurgood Marshall, Martin Luther King Jr, Langston Hughes, Jesse Jackson, Spike Lee, and the list could literally go on and on. HBCU’s gave African Americans a sense of pride, dignity, and respect. It helped lead to black people being able to achieve the dreams, that they saw their white counterparts achieving. As a matter of fact during the 80’s and early 90’s it was actually deemed cool to wear HBCU paraphernalia, and be college graduates. People such as Debbie Allen, Bill Cosby, and Spike Lee, promoted the education of African Americans through TV shows and movies, such as Spike Lee’s â€Å"School Daze†, and also on The Cosby show, as well as the spin-off of it entitled â€Å"A Different World†. Which basically showcased the college life of black students, and it gave insight to show others that there are people who look just like them who goes to college. (Coleman C, 2013) After the Civil War in 1865, African Americans began feeling liberated, and they began seeking the same kind of lifestyles they observed their white counter-parts having, such as education, good paying jobs etc. The 20th century â€Å"gave birth to a cultural revolution, the era coined the â€Å"Harlem Renaissance had earned its status as â€Å"the capital of black America†. (Williams, 2013)The existence of organizations such as the NAACP, The National Urban League, and individuals such as Marcus Garvey, African Americans were free to do what they pleased; they still searched for their identity, their â€Å"piece of the pie†. (AE, 2013) In 1931 a case that included nine African American males and two white girls, showcased the injustice in the law when it contained African Americans. The Scottsboro Tragedy is the story of 9 young black males who hopped a train in hopes of finding work, but the only thing they ended up finding was a whole lot of trouble. These nine young men were accused of raped by a 17, and 21 year old white woman. Not that it was anything new to black people, but it was a landmark case that brought to light how the justice system in America differed when the accused are African Americans. This case highlighted how no facts, no evidence, or any proof was used. These young men simply were guilty with no ability to be proven innocent. Keep in mind that the most these boys could have done was hoboing through the train, and possibly could have gotten into a altercation with the white boys and perhaps have gotten the better of them. So for them to be accused of such a heinous crime as rape, showed just how much white people despised of black people. The majority of these young men would end up being falsely imprisoned, having the label of rapist pinned to their name, and go through three different trials that kept proving how the justice system was unfair, especially how one of the white girls recanted her story admitting that she fabricated everything and none of the young black men had ever touched her. But of course in those times it honestly did not matter, because they didn’t have access to fair trial, proper representation, and neither did the whole â€Å"innocent until proven guilty rule† apply to them. (Group, Scottsboro: An American tragedy, 2001) For many years to come America, especially black America would see time and time again how race would play a major factor in the laws and more-so of who which laws apply to whom. In the past years alone we have seen numerous cases of black men being accused of rape, when the evidence barely matched up, or if there were any evidence at all led to the unfar conviction of many black men who either spend many years behind bars for crimes they did not commit, only to be released because the DNA was not a match. Or the many black men who are beaten or killed by cops, specifically white cops, and the ruling comes back not guilt, and the legal systems tells people that it is ok for the police to shoot a unarmed main 50 times, when all he was doing was reaching for his wallet. Despite the inequality, the unfairness, and lack of opportunities in America towards African Americans, that did not change the fact that black Americans felt the need to not only prove they were intellectually capable of the task that the military needed but also, to show patriotism of the African American race. Although it seems ironic how blacks were fighting to keep the freedom for a country where they struggled to have the basic freedoms of others such as equal opportunities when it came to education, job opportunities and basic respect from other individuals. (Group, 2002). The Tuskegee Airmen were a group of African American pilots who were at first seemed to be nothing more than the military carrying out orders to have a group of educated black pilots, but they soon became one of the main forces behind winning the war with their bombing escorts. The very interesting thing about these men was that all they wanted to do was to prove that they were just as intelligent, educated, and has just as much tenacity as the white men. But they were constantly harassed not only outside the military but also inside the military as well. They were given missions that to be quite honest were nothing that proved they were capable of flying an aircraft. But as stated previously even after all their accomplishments and them fighting to keep the freedom of America, they still were treated as second or even third rate citizens, they were treated as if they never made contributions. 1945 marked the beginning of African Americans being able to not only express themselves, but keep current with events that affect s them, and topics that were directed toward black people. Ebony magazine was established and it was and still is a monthly magazine. The magazine was catered to African Americans, and it discussed health, fitness, finances, love, and simply African Americans live and achievements. The reason why this magazine was and still is so pertinent to the black culture because the magazine is catered to African Americans, because it gave black people a voice, it gave a voice that was relevant to people of color, and the topics were pertinent to black people has a whole. Ebony magazine paved the way for future magazines such as Jet, Essence, Black Enterprise etc. (Shahid, 2013) Malcolm X became one of the most influential people during the civil rights era, he was one of the first individuals to rejects the nonviolent civil-rights movement and integration, and became a champion of African American separatism and black pride (Davis, 2013). Now depending on who you ask, some may say X was one of the pioneers and his methods were necessary, and others may say he was nothing more than a trouble maker. But after careful research Malcolm X was a great man and it was not that he condoned violence, he condoned people standing up for themselves. He only was stating facts and the facts were the non-approach was not achieving much, and in the meantime black people were being killed in the masses because they weren’t fighting back. A man who seemed to be the opposite of Malcolm X, well in approach to the issue of direction of dealing with the Civil rights of African Americans. Martin Luther King Jr, became one of the most influential pioneers and voices of the civil rights movement. His nonviolence approach was both highly criticized as well as commended. (laureates, 2013) King worked diligently to establish racial equality, with his many sit-ins, protest and marches. He achieved many accomplishments in his lifetime, but that of course did not come without criticism because of his non-violent approaches, some people felt that King was furthering the slow progress of black people because they were not standing up for themselves. However his motive was the whole â€Å"kill them kindness† approach because he wanted to show that they weren’t just angry black people who wanted to fight, but he wanted people to understand what they were fighting for. In 1966 Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seales founded the Black Panther Party, a radical black power group, in Oakland, California. This was an organization was like no other and for those who had hate and animosity towards black people, and were considering starting trouble were in for a rude awakening. Because this group of individuals were organized, and as ironic as it may sound they established themselves as protection of the neighborhoods because of the police brutality that existed. And although they developed a reputation for militant rhetoric and clashes with the police. This was still an important time for African Americans because it gave the fire to stand up for themselves and basically fight fire with fire so to speak. The organization was short lived, and as certain research shows that certain federal, state, and local officials went through great lengths to discredit and destroy the organization, including but not limited to assassinations. African Americans have contributed a lot to not only this world but especially to the United States. As a whole they have jumped over hurdle after hurdle, they have continuously bounced back after many set-backs, and when so called rules were set into place they made it their business to break down barriers. Black people have accomplished a lot of things and despite the United States always backing them up, or them moving extremely slow to make progress, African Americans are still striving to make things equal and fair. But with all that said despite their being a African American President in office black people are still a ways away from the â€Å"promise land†. Because African Americans are still unfairly targeted by police, there is still gaps when it comes to getting loans, the rates on these homes, lack of good education, and fairness in jobs and pay. But no one can argue the fact that African Americans have made many contributions to the United States, despite the U. S. not always showing gratitude. Bibliography (n. d. ). Black Codes . (2013, April 13). Retrieved from The History Channel website. : http://www. history. com/topics/black-codes. AE, T. (2013, April 13). Harlem Renaissance. Retrieved from The Biography Channel website: http://www. biography. com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance#tgm Coleman C, D. (2013, http://hbcuconnect. com/history. shtml 14). The History of Historically Black Colleges Universites. Retrieved from HBCU Connect: http://hbcuconnect. com/history. shtml Davis, O. (2013, April 14). Malcolm X about bio. Retrieved from Malcolm X Biography: http://www. malcolmx. com/about/bio. html Group, F. M. (Director). (2001). Scottsboro: An American tragedy [Motion Picture]. Group, F. M. (Director). (2002). The Tuskegee airmen: They fought two wars [Motion Picture]. laureates. (2013, April 13). nobel prizes. Retrieved from Nobel Prize org: http://www. nobelprize. org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1964/king-bio. html Shahid, S. (2013, April 14). 65 Years Ago in News History: The Birth of Ebony Magazine. Retrieved from newseum: http://www. newseum. org/news/2010/10/65-years-ago-in-news-history-the-birth-of-ebony-magazine. html Williams, A. (2013, April 14). Harlem Renaissance. Retrieved from In Academic World Book. : http://www. worldbookonline. com/academic/article? id=ar246340.